Abstract

Optical phase errors are inherent to practical waveguides and will degrade the beam quality of optical phased arrays. This paper demonstrates a scalable approach to on-chip phase calibration of optical phased arrays using a compact phase interrogator structure. This phase interrogator is designed for optical phased arrays with a $2.5 \,{\mu }\mathrm{m}$ pitch and demonstrated in a 64-channel optical phased array realized in a Si/SiN photonic stack. The optical phased array exhibits $38 \,\mathrm{^{\circ }}$ of unambiguous beam steering range and a side lobe level of at most $-9.8 \,\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B}$ after calibration. The calibration algorithm is model-based and does not rely on any iterative optimization algorithm. This enables calibration with linear scaling of both the computational complexity and the area of the calibration structures. By including wavelength dependent effects, the model allows for 2D beam steering without any need for re-calibration.

Optical phased array with on-chip phase calibration

Mathias Prost, Jon Øyvind Kjellman, Sarvagya Dwivedi, Aleksandrs Marinins, Hemant Kumar Tyagi, Tangla David Kongnyuy, Philippe Soussan, Marcus S. Dahlem, Xavier Rottenberg, and Roelof Jansen
Opt. Lett. 47(23) 6081-6084 (2022)

On-chip calibration and control of optical phased arrays

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Opt. Express 26(3) 3199-3210 (2018)

Silicon optical phased array with calibration-free phase shifters

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Opt. Express 30(24) 44029-44038 (2022)

Wafer-level calibration of large-scale integrated optical phased arrays

Sylvain Guerber, Daivid Fowler, Jonathan Faugier-Tovar, Kim Abdoul Carim, Baptiste Delplanque, and Bertrand Szelag
Opt. Express 30(20) 35246-35255 (2022)

Practical two-dimensional beam steering system using an integrated tunable laser and an optical phased array

Weichao Ma, Su Tan, Kuankuan Wang, Weihua Guo, Ye Liu, Lianggang Liao, Lianggang Zhou, Jun Zhou, Xin Li, Lei Liang, and Wangzhe Li
Appl. Opt. 59(32) 9985-9994 (2020)