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High power air-clad photonic crystal fibre laser

W. J. Wadsworth, R. M. Percival, G. Bouwmans, J. C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

An Ytterbium-doped photonic crystal fibre laser is demonstrated with a 100 µm2 core area and single transverse mode with an output efficiency of 30%. Double-clad PCF laser structures are demonstrated with pump cladding NA greater than 0.8 and output power up to 3.9 W. Such lasers are potentially scalable to high power.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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References

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  • Publication
  1. V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  2. J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1547–1549 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Errata, Opt. Lett. 22, 484–485 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  4. T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibre,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  5. W.J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, W.H. Reeves, and P.St.J. Russell, “Yb3+-doped photonic crystal fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1452–1453 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  6. W. J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, “Large mode area photonic crystal fibre laser,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2001, Vol. 56 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 2001), paper CWC1.
  7. F. Furusawa, A. MAlinowski, J.H.V. Price, T.M. Monro, J.K. Sahu, J. Nilsson, and D.J. Richardson, “Cladding pumped Ytterbium-doped fiber laser with holey inner and outer cladding,” Opt. Express 9, 714–720 (2001), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-9-13-714.
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. J.K. Sahu, C.C. Renaud, K. Furusawa, R. Selvas, J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, D.J. Richardson, and J. Nilsson, “Jacketed air-clad cladding pumped ytterbium-doped fibre laser with wide tuning range,” Electron. Lett. 37, 1116–1117 (2001).
    [Crossref]

2001 (2)

F. Furusawa, A. MAlinowski, J.H.V. Price, T.M. Monro, J.K. Sahu, J. Nilsson, and D.J. Richardson, “Cladding pumped Ytterbium-doped fiber laser with holey inner and outer cladding,” Opt. Express 9, 714–720 (2001), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-9-13-714.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.K. Sahu, C.C. Renaud, K. Furusawa, R. Selvas, J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, D.J. Richardson, and J. Nilsson, “Jacketed air-clad cladding pumped ytterbium-doped fibre laser with wide tuning range,” Electron. Lett. 37, 1116–1117 (2001).
[Crossref]

2000 (1)

W.J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, W.H. Reeves, and P.St.J. Russell, “Yb3+-doped photonic crystal fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1452–1453 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
[Crossref]

1997 (2)

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Errata, Opt. Lett. 22, 484–485 (1997).
[Crossref]

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibre,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1996 (1)

Alvarez-Chavez, J.A.

J.K. Sahu, C.C. Renaud, K. Furusawa, R. Selvas, J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, D.J. Richardson, and J. Nilsson, “Jacketed air-clad cladding pumped ytterbium-doped fibre laser with wide tuning range,” Electron. Lett. 37, 1116–1117 (2001).
[Crossref]

Atkin, D.M.

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Errata, Opt. Lett. 22, 484–485 (1997).
[Crossref]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1547–1549 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bicknese, S.

V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
[Crossref]

Birks, T.A.

Dohle, R.

V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
[Crossref]

Dominic, V.

V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
[Crossref]

Furusawa, F.

Furusawa, K.

J.K. Sahu, C.C. Renaud, K. Furusawa, R. Selvas, J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, D.J. Richardson, and J. Nilsson, “Jacketed air-clad cladding pumped ytterbium-doped fibre laser with wide tuning range,” Electron. Lett. 37, 1116–1117 (2001).
[Crossref]

Knight, J.C.

W.J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, W.H. Reeves, and P.St.J. Russell, “Yb3+-doped photonic crystal fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1452–1453 (2000).
[Crossref]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Errata, Opt. Lett. 22, 484–485 (1997).
[Crossref]

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibre,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1547–1549 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, “Large mode area photonic crystal fibre laser,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2001, Vol. 56 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 2001), paper CWC1.

MacCormack, S.

V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
[Crossref]

MAlinowski, A.

Monro, T.M.

Nilsson, J.

F. Furusawa, A. MAlinowski, J.H.V. Price, T.M. Monro, J.K. Sahu, J. Nilsson, and D.J. Richardson, “Cladding pumped Ytterbium-doped fiber laser with holey inner and outer cladding,” Opt. Express 9, 714–720 (2001), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-9-13-714.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.K. Sahu, C.C. Renaud, K. Furusawa, R. Selvas, J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, D.J. Richardson, and J. Nilsson, “Jacketed air-clad cladding pumped ytterbium-doped fibre laser with wide tuning range,” Electron. Lett. 37, 1116–1117 (2001).
[Crossref]

Price, J.H.V.

Reeves, W.H.

W.J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, W.H. Reeves, and P.St.J. Russell, “Yb3+-doped photonic crystal fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1452–1453 (2000).
[Crossref]

Renaud, C.C.

J.K. Sahu, C.C. Renaud, K. Furusawa, R. Selvas, J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, D.J. Richardson, and J. Nilsson, “Jacketed air-clad cladding pumped ytterbium-doped fibre laser with wide tuning range,” Electron. Lett. 37, 1116–1117 (2001).
[Crossref]

Richardson, D.J.

J.K. Sahu, C.C. Renaud, K. Furusawa, R. Selvas, J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, D.J. Richardson, and J. Nilsson, “Jacketed air-clad cladding pumped ytterbium-doped fibre laser with wide tuning range,” Electron. Lett. 37, 1116–1117 (2001).
[Crossref]

F. Furusawa, A. MAlinowski, J.H.V. Price, T.M. Monro, J.K. Sahu, J. Nilsson, and D.J. Richardson, “Cladding pumped Ytterbium-doped fiber laser with holey inner and outer cladding,” Opt. Express 9, 714–720 (2001), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-9-13-714.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Russell, P. St. J.

W. J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, “Large mode area photonic crystal fibre laser,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2001, Vol. 56 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 2001), paper CWC1.

Russell, P.St.J.

W.J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, W.H. Reeves, and P.St.J. Russell, “Yb3+-doped photonic crystal fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1452–1453 (2000).
[Crossref]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Errata, Opt. Lett. 22, 484–485 (1997).
[Crossref]

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibre,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1547–1549 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sahu, J.K.

J.K. Sahu, C.C. Renaud, K. Furusawa, R. Selvas, J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, D.J. Richardson, and J. Nilsson, “Jacketed air-clad cladding pumped ytterbium-doped fibre laser with wide tuning range,” Electron. Lett. 37, 1116–1117 (2001).
[Crossref]

F. Furusawa, A. MAlinowski, J.H.V. Price, T.M. Monro, J.K. Sahu, J. Nilsson, and D.J. Richardson, “Cladding pumped Ytterbium-doped fiber laser with holey inner and outer cladding,” Opt. Express 9, 714–720 (2001), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-9-13-714.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sanders, S.

V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
[Crossref]

Selvas, R.

J.K. Sahu, C.C. Renaud, K. Furusawa, R. Selvas, J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, D.J. Richardson, and J. Nilsson, “Jacketed air-clad cladding pumped ytterbium-doped fibre laser with wide tuning range,” Electron. Lett. 37, 1116–1117 (2001).
[Crossref]

Waarts, R.

V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
[Crossref]

Wadsworth, W. J.

W. J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, “Large mode area photonic crystal fibre laser,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2001, Vol. 56 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 2001), paper CWC1.

Wadsworth, W.J.

W.J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, W.H. Reeves, and P.St.J. Russell, “Yb3+-doped photonic crystal fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1452–1453 (2000).
[Crossref]

Wolak, E.

V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
[Crossref]

Yeh, P.S.

V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
[Crossref]

Zucker, E.

V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
[Crossref]

Electron. Lett. (3)

V. Dominic, S. MacCormack, R. Waarts, S. Sanders, S. Bicknese, R. Dohle, E. Wolak, P.S. Yeh, and E. Zucker, “110 W fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1158–1160 (1999).
[Crossref]

W.J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, W.H. Reeves, and P.St.J. Russell, “Yb3+-doped photonic crystal fibre laser,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1452–1453 (2000).
[Crossref]

J.K. Sahu, C.C. Renaud, K. Furusawa, R. Selvas, J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, D.J. Richardson, and J. Nilsson, “Jacketed air-clad cladding pumped ytterbium-doped fibre laser with wide tuning range,” Electron. Lett. 37, 1116–1117 (2001).
[Crossref]

Errata, Opt. Lett. (1)

J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell, and D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal cladding,” Errata, Opt. Lett. 22, 484–485 (1997).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

Opt. Lett. (2)

Other (1)

W. J. Wadsworth, J.C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, “Large mode area photonic crystal fibre laser,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2001, Vol. 56 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 2001), paper CWC1.

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Optical micrograph of the core region of a fibre preform, showing 425 small doped regions within the core. Pitch 90 µm.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The cleaved end of the doped fibres incorporating the core shown in Fig. 1. The core diameter is 15 µm between the innermost air-holes. The overall fibre diameter is 120 µm. a) fibre LMA-A, d/Λ = 0.3; b) fibre LMA-B, d/Λ = 0.55.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrograph of a doped air clad fibre, core circled. Fibre parameters: Λ = 9.6 µm, d/Λ = 0.4, core diameter 15.2 µm, 54 webs of width 350 nm, inner cladding diameter 143 µm across flats, 164 µm across corners, overall diameter 500 µm.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. SEM of double-clad fibre 2, core circled. Fibre parameters: Λ = 10.5 μm, d/Λ = 0.40, core diameter 10.0 µm, web width = 360 nm, inner cladding diameter 155 µm across flats, 179 µm across corners, overall diameter 280 µm. Close-up of air cladding of Fig. 3, web width 350 nm, length 13 µm.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Attenuation spectrum of the double-clad fibre shown in Fig. 4. Background attenuation at 1080 nm is 15 dB/km, and the Yb3+ absorption at 915 nm is 0.15 dB/m.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Laser slope efficiency for two different output face configurations, blue:- 4% Fresnel reflection output coupler; red:- mirror to reflect pump.

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