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Femtosecond Neodymium-doped microstructure fiber laser

Mathias Moenster, Peter Glas, Günter Steinmeyer, Rumen Iliew, Nikolay Lebedev, Reiner Wedell, and Mario Bretschneider

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We demonstrate femtosecond operation of a Nd-doped microstructure fiber laser. The fiber provides gain and anomalous dispersion at the lasing wavelength of 1.06 μm and enables the construction of short and simple cavity designs. The laser is passively mode-locked by the combined action of a saturable absorber mirror, fiber nonlinearity, and dispersion and produces transform limited sub-400-fs pulses with a pulse energy as high as 100 pJ.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
    [Crossref]
  2. L. E. Nelson , D. J. Jones , K. Tamura , H. A. Haus , and E. P. Ippen , “ Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers ,” Appl. Phys. B   65 , 277 -94 ( 1997 ).
    [Crossref]
  3. M. Hofer , M. E. Fermann , F. Haberl , M. H. Ober , and A. J. Schmidt , “ Mode locking with cross-phase and self-phase modulation ,” Opt. Lett.   16 , 502 -4 ( 1991 ).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. M. H. Ober , M. Hofer , U. Keller , and T. H. Chiu , “ Self-starting diode-pumped femtosecond Nd fiber laser ,” Opt. Lett.   18 , 1532 -4 ( 1993 ).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  5. H. Ö. Lim , F. Ilday , and F. W. Wise , “ Generation of 2-nJ pulses from a femtosecond ytterbium fiber laser ,” Opt. Lett.   28 , 660 – 662 ( 2003 ).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. P. St. J. Russell , “ Photonic Crystal Fibers ,” Science   299 , 358 – 62 ( 2003 ).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. L. P. Shen , W. P. Huang , and S. S. Jian , “ Design of Photonic Crystal Fibers for Dispersion-Related Applications ,” J. Lightwave Technol.   21 , 1644 -51 ( 2003 ).
    [Crossref]
  8. J. K. Ranka , R. S. Windeler , and A. J. Stentz , “ Visible Continuum generation in air-silica microstructure optical fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm ,” Opt. Lett.   25 , 25 -7 ( 2000 ).
    [Crossref]
  9. H. Lim , F. Ö. Ilday , and F. W. Wise , “ Femtosecond ytterbium fiber laser with photonic crystal fiber for dispersion control ,” Opt. Express   11 , 1497 -2 ( 2002 ), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-10-25-1497 .
  10. A. V. Avdokhin , S. V. Popov , and J. R. Taylor , “ Totally fiber integrated, figure-of-eight, femtosecond source at 1065 nm ,” Opt. Express   11 , 265 -9 ( 2003 ), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-3-265 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. K. Furusawa , T. M. Monro , P. Petropoulos , and D. J. Richardson , “ Modelocked laser based on Ytterbium doped holey fibre ,” Electron. Lett.   37 , 560 -1 ( 2001 ).
    [Crossref]
  12. D. Mogilevtsev , T. A. Birks , and P. St. J. Russell , “ Group-velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibers ,” Opt. Lett.   23 , 1662 -4 ( 1998 ).
    [Crossref]
  13. U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
    [Crossref]
  14. M. Haiml , R. Grange , and U. Keller , “ Optical characterization of semiconductor saturable absorbers ,” Appl. Phys. B   79 , 331 -9 ( 2004 ).
    [Crossref]
  15. M. Moenster , P. Glas , G. Steinmeyer , and R. Iliew , “ Mode-locked Nd-doped microstructure fiber laser ,” Opt. Express   12 , 4523 -7 ( 2004 ), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-19-4523 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. S. M. J. Kelly , “ Characteristic sideband instability of periodically amplified average soliton ,” Electron. Lett.   28 , 806 -7 ( 1992 ).
    [Crossref]
  17. T. R. Schibli , E. R. Thoen , F. X. Kärtner , and E. P. Ippen , “ Suppression of Q-switched mode locking and break-up into multiple pulses by inverse saturable absorption ,” Appl. Phys. B   70 , 41 -9 ( 2000 ).
    [Crossref]
  18. C. Hönninger , R. Paschotta , F. Morier-Genoud , M. Moser , and U. Keller , “ Q-switching stability limits of continous-wave passive mode locking ,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B   16 , 46 – 56 ( 1999 ).
    [Crossref]
  19. F. X. Kärtner and U. Keller , “ Stabilization of solitonlike pulses with a slow saturable absorber ,” Opt. Lett.   20 , 16 -8 ( 1995 ).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (2)

2003 (4)

2002 (1)

2001 (1)

K. Furusawa , T. M. Monro , P. Petropoulos , and D. J. Richardson , “ Modelocked laser based on Ytterbium doped holey fibre ,” Electron. Lett.   37 , 560 -1 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]

2000 (2)

T. R. Schibli , E. R. Thoen , F. X. Kärtner , and E. P. Ippen , “ Suppression of Q-switched mode locking and break-up into multiple pulses by inverse saturable absorption ,” Appl. Phys. B   70 , 41 -9 ( 2000 ).
[Crossref]

J. K. Ranka , R. S. Windeler , and A. J. Stentz , “ Visible Continuum generation in air-silica microstructure optical fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm ,” Opt. Lett.   25 , 25 -7 ( 2000 ).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

1998 (1)

1997 (2)

B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

L. E. Nelson , D. J. Jones , K. Tamura , H. A. Haus , and E. P. Ippen , “ Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers ,” Appl. Phys. B   65 , 277 -94 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

1995 (1)

1993 (1)

1992 (1)

S. M. J. Kelly , “ Characteristic sideband instability of periodically amplified average soliton ,” Electron. Lett.   28 , 806 -7 ( 1992 ).
[Crossref]

1991 (1)

Aus der Au, J.

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

Avdokhin, A. V.

Bergman, K.

B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Birks, T. A.

Braun, B.

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

Chiu, T. H.

Collings, B. C.

B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Cundiff, S. T.

B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Cunningham, J. E.

B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Fermann, M. E.

Fluck, R.

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

Furusawa, K.

K. Furusawa , T. M. Monro , P. Petropoulos , and D. J. Richardson , “ Modelocked laser based on Ytterbium doped holey fibre ,” Electron. Lett.   37 , 560 -1 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]

Glas, P.

Grange, R.

M. Haiml , R. Grange , and U. Keller , “ Optical characterization of semiconductor saturable absorbers ,” Appl. Phys. B   79 , 331 -9 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]

Haberl, F.

Haiml, M.

M. Haiml , R. Grange , and U. Keller , “ Optical characterization of semiconductor saturable absorbers ,” Appl. Phys. B   79 , 331 -9 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]

Haus, H. A.

L. E. Nelson , D. J. Jones , K. Tamura , H. A. Haus , and E. P. Ippen , “ Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers ,” Appl. Phys. B   65 , 277 -94 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Hofer, M.

Hönninger, C.

C. Hönninger , R. Paschotta , F. Morier-Genoud , M. Moser , and U. Keller , “ Q-switching stability limits of continous-wave passive mode locking ,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B   16 , 46 – 56 ( 1999 ).
[Crossref]

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

Huang, W. P.

Ilday, F.

Ilday, F. Ö.

Iliew, R.

Ippen, E. P.

T. R. Schibli , E. R. Thoen , F. X. Kärtner , and E. P. Ippen , “ Suppression of Q-switched mode locking and break-up into multiple pulses by inverse saturable absorption ,” Appl. Phys. B   70 , 41 -9 ( 2000 ).
[Crossref]

L. E. Nelson , D. J. Jones , K. Tamura , H. A. Haus , and E. P. Ippen , “ Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers ,” Appl. Phys. B   65 , 277 -94 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Jan, W. Y.

B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Jian, S. S.

Jones, D. J.

L. E. Nelson , D. J. Jones , K. Tamura , H. A. Haus , and E. P. Ippen , “ Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers ,” Appl. Phys. B   65 , 277 -94 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Jung, I. D.

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

Kärtner, F. X.

T. R. Schibli , E. R. Thoen , F. X. Kärtner , and E. P. Ippen , “ Suppression of Q-switched mode locking and break-up into multiple pulses by inverse saturable absorption ,” Appl. Phys. B   70 , 41 -9 ( 2000 ).
[Crossref]

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

F. X. Kärtner and U. Keller , “ Stabilization of solitonlike pulses with a slow saturable absorber ,” Opt. Lett.   20 , 16 -8 ( 1995 ).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Keller, U.

M. Haiml , R. Grange , and U. Keller , “ Optical characterization of semiconductor saturable absorbers ,” Appl. Phys. B   79 , 331 -9 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]

C. Hönninger , R. Paschotta , F. Morier-Genoud , M. Moser , and U. Keller , “ Q-switching stability limits of continous-wave passive mode locking ,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B   16 , 46 – 56 ( 1999 ).
[Crossref]

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

F. X. Kärtner and U. Keller , “ Stabilization of solitonlike pulses with a slow saturable absorber ,” Opt. Lett.   20 , 16 -8 ( 1995 ).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. H. Ober , M. Hofer , U. Keller , and T. H. Chiu , “ Self-starting diode-pumped femtosecond Nd fiber laser ,” Opt. Lett.   18 , 1532 -4 ( 1993 ).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kelly, S. M. J.

S. M. J. Kelly , “ Characteristic sideband instability of periodically amplified average soliton ,” Electron. Lett.   28 , 806 -7 ( 1992 ).
[Crossref]

Knox, W. H.

B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Koch, M.

B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Kopf, D.

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

Kutz, J. N.

B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Lim, H.

Lim, H. Ö.

Matuschek, N.

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

Moenster, M.

Mogilevtsev, D.

Monro, T. M.

K. Furusawa , T. M. Monro , P. Petropoulos , and D. J. Richardson , “ Modelocked laser based on Ytterbium doped holey fibre ,” Electron. Lett.   37 , 560 -1 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]

Morier-Genoud, F.

Moser, M.

Nelson, L. E.

L. E. Nelson , D. J. Jones , K. Tamura , H. A. Haus , and E. P. Ippen , “ Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers ,” Appl. Phys. B   65 , 277 -94 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Ober, M. H.

Paschotta, R.

Petropoulos, P.

K. Furusawa , T. M. Monro , P. Petropoulos , and D. J. Richardson , “ Modelocked laser based on Ytterbium doped holey fibre ,” Electron. Lett.   37 , 560 -1 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]

Popov, S. V.

Ranka, J. K.

Richardson, D. J.

K. Furusawa , T. M. Monro , P. Petropoulos , and D. J. Richardson , “ Modelocked laser based on Ytterbium doped holey fibre ,” Electron. Lett.   37 , 560 -1 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]

Russell, P. St. J.

Schibli, T. R.

T. R. Schibli , E. R. Thoen , F. X. Kärtner , and E. P. Ippen , “ Suppression of Q-switched mode locking and break-up into multiple pulses by inverse saturable absorption ,” Appl. Phys. B   70 , 41 -9 ( 2000 ).
[Crossref]

Schmidt, A. J.

Shen, L. P.

Steinmeyer, G.

Stentz, A. J.

Tamura, K.

L. E. Nelson , D. J. Jones , K. Tamura , H. A. Haus , and E. P. Ippen , “ Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers ,” Appl. Phys. B   65 , 277 -94 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Taylor, J. R.

Thoen, E. R.

T. R. Schibli , E. R. Thoen , F. X. Kärtner , and E. P. Ippen , “ Suppression of Q-switched mode locking and break-up into multiple pulses by inverse saturable absorption ,” Appl. Phys. B   70 , 41 -9 ( 2000 ).
[Crossref]

Tsuda, S.

B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

Weingarten, K. J.

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

Windeler, R. S.

Wise, F. W.

Appl. Phys. B (3)

L. E. Nelson , D. J. Jones , K. Tamura , H. A. Haus , and E. P. Ippen , “ Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers ,” Appl. Phys. B   65 , 277 -94 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

M. Haiml , R. Grange , and U. Keller , “ Optical characterization of semiconductor saturable absorbers ,” Appl. Phys. B   79 , 331 -9 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]

T. R. Schibli , E. R. Thoen , F. X. Kärtner , and E. P. Ippen , “ Suppression of Q-switched mode locking and break-up into multiple pulses by inverse saturable absorption ,” Appl. Phys. B   70 , 41 -9 ( 2000 ).
[Crossref]

Electron. Lett. (2)

K. Furusawa , T. M. Monro , P. Petropoulos , and D. J. Richardson , “ Modelocked laser based on Ytterbium doped holey fibre ,” Electron. Lett.   37 , 560 -1 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]

S. M. J. Kelly , “ Characteristic sideband instability of periodically amplified average soliton ,” Electron. Lett.   28 , 806 -7 ( 1992 ).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (2)

B. C. Collings , K. Bergman , S. T. Cundiff , S. Tsuda , J. N. Kutz , J. E. Cunningham , W. Y. Jan , M. Koch , and W. H. Knox , “ Short Cavity Erbium/Ytterbium Fiber Lasers Mode-Locked with a Saturable Bragg Reflector ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   3 , 1065 -75 ( 1997 ).
[Crossref]

U. Keller , K. J. Weingarten , F. X. Kärtner , D. Kopf , B. Braun , I. D. Jung , R. Fluck , C. Hönninger , N. Matuschek , and J. Aus der Au , “ Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAM’s) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State-Lasers ,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.   2 , 435 -53 ( 1996 ).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (6)

Science (1)

P. St. J. Russell , “ Photonic Crystal Fibers ,” Science   299 , 358 – 62 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) SEM micrograph of the fiber end face as cleaved. (b) Cross section of the two polished fiber end faces (schematically). (c) Laser setup. The blue beam indicates the path of the laser cavity whereas the red beam represents the pump radiation. DM: dichroic mirror (T = 99% at 810 nm, R = 99% at 1054 nm), L1, L2 : aspheric lenses (f = 8 mm, NA = 0.5), P: dichroic glass polarizer, M : output coupling mirror (T = 30% at 1054 nm), Ti:Sa: cw Ti:sapphire pump laser, Nd:MSF: Nd-doped microstructure fiber.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Measured SAM reflectivity vs. input pulse fluence. The measurement setup was similar to the one described in Ref. [14]. (b) Measured pump-probe response (normalized) of the SAM. The pulse source used for both measurements was a 180-fs passively mode-locked Nd:glass laser tuned to 1060 nm.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Intensity autocorrelation. The measured data (black rings) have been fitted assuming a sech2 pulse shape (red line). The inset shows the corresponding long-range autocorrelation.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Optical spectrum of the mode-locked laser (resolution: 0.05 nm). The measured data (black line) has been fitted to the frequency representation of a sech2 pulse spectrum (dash-dotted red line). (b) RF spectrum of the first intermode beat centered at f R ≈ 95 MHz (resolution bandwidth: 100 Hz).

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