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Strain induced tunable wavelength filters based on flexible polymer waveguide Bragg reflector

Kyung-Jo Kim, Jun-Kyu Seo, and Min-Cheol Oh

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Abstract

A tunable wavelength filter is demonstrated by imposing a strain on a polymeric Bragg reflection waveguide fabricated on a flexible substrate. The highly elastic property of flexible polymer device enables much wider tuning than the silica fiber. To produce a uniform grating pattern on a flexible plastic substrate, a post lift-off process along with an absorbing layer is incorporated. The flexible Bragg reflector shows narrow bandwidth, which is convincing the uniformity of the grating structure fabricated on plastic film. By stretching the flexible polymer device, the Bragg reflection wavelength is tuned continuously up to 45 nm for the maximum strain of 31,690 με, which is determined by the elastic expansion limit of waveguide polymer. From the linear wavelength shift proportional to the strain, the photoelastic coefficient of the ZPU polymer is found.

©2008 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic structure of the tunable wavelength filter operated by applying mechanical stress to impose a strain on a flexible polymer waveguide with Bragg reflector.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Schematic procedures for fabricating the Bragg reflection waveguide on a flexible substrate by using a post lift-off process.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Comparison of the uniformity of grating patterns fabricated on top of a thick NOA61 polymer layer: (a) fabricated by a standard procedure, (b) fabricated by incorporating black matrix to remove the undesirable interference.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Transmission and reflection spectrum of the Bragg reflection waveguide device fabricated on a flexible substrate.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. A photograph of the flexible substrate device attached on a linear micro stage for measuring the wavelength tuning characteristics induced by a tensile strain.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Wavelength tuning characteristics of the Bragg reflector: (a) Transmission spectra measured for each step of micro-stage movement (b) Bragg reflection wavelength as a function of the micro-meter displacement and the imposed strain.

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Equations (1)

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Δ λ B λ B = ( 1 − P ε ) Δ ε
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