Expand this Topic clickable element to expand a topic
Skip to content
Optica Publishing Group
Journal Home About Issues in Progress Current Issue All Issues Feature Issues

Numerical investigation of photonic microwave generation in an optically pumped spin-VCSEL subject to optical feedback

Yu Huang, Shuangquan Gu, Yao Zeng, Zhenye Shen, Pei Zhou, and Nianqiang Li

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Photonic microwave generation based on period-one (P1) dynamics of an optically pumped spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (spin-VCSEL) is investigated numerically. Here, the frequency tunability of the photonic microwave generated from a free-running spin-VCSEL is demonstrated. The results show that the frequency of the photonic microwave signals can be widely tuned (from several gigahertz to hundreds of gigahertz) by changing the birefringence. Furthermore, the frequency of the photonic microwave can be modestly adjusted by introducing an axial magnetic field, although it degrades the microwave linewidth in the edge of Hopf bifurcation. To improve the quality of the photonic microwave, an optical feedback technique is employed in a spin-VCSEL. Under the scenario of single-loop feedback, the microwave linewidth is decreased by enhancing the feedback strength and/or delay time, whereas the phase noise oscillation increases with the increase of the feedback delay time. By adding the dual-loop feedback, the Vernier effect can effectively suppress the side peaks around the central frequency of P1, and simultaneously supports P1 linewidth narrowing and phase noise minimization at long times.

© 2023 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

Full Article  |  PDF Article
More Like This
Numerical investigation of photonic microwave generation in an optically injected semiconductor laser subject to filtered optical feedback

Chenpeng Xue, Songkun Ji, Yanhua Hong, Ning Jiang, Hongqiang Li, and Kun Qiu
Opt. Express 27(4) 5065-5082 (2019)

Phase noise characteristics of microwave signals generated by semiconductor laser dynamics

Jun-Ping Zhuang and Sze-Chun Chan
Opt. Express 23(3) 2777-2797 (2015)

Numerical simulations on narrow-linewidth photonic microwave generation based on a QD laser simultaneously subject to optical injection and optical feedback

Zaifu Jiang, Zhengmao Wu, Wenyan Yang, Chunxia Hu, Xiaodong Lin, Yanhong Jin, Ming Dai, Bin Cui, Dianzuo Yue, and Guangqiong Xia
Appl. Opt. 59(9) 2935-2941 (2020)

View More...

Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

Cited By

Optica participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from Optica Publishing Group journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.


Figures (9)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the photonic microwave generated from the spin-VCSEL. PC, polarization controller; CIR, optical circulator; OI, optical isolator; PD, photodetector; Pol, polarizer; ESA, electrical spectral analyzer; OSA, optical spectral analyzer; OSC, oscilloscope. The gray lines represent the optical feedback loops. (b) The optical spectrum emitted by the spin-VCSEL. (c) Associated optical spectrum after projection on the same polarization axis using a polarizer. (d) Corresponding RF spectrum.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a1)-(c1) Optical spectra and (a2)-(c2) RF spectra of a solitary spin-VCSEL, where (a) γp = 30π ns-1, (b) γp = 44.5π ns-1, and (c) γp = 97π ns-1.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Microwave linewidth Δf0 and microwave frequency f0 are calculated (a) in the (γs, γp) plane, where (η, P) = (3, 0.5), and (b) in the (η, P) plane, where (γs, γp) = (35 ns-1, 30π ns-1). The magnetic field is not considered (i.e., Ωz = 0). The white contour lines represent the microwave frequency f0.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Microwave linewidth Δf and microwave frequency are calculated in the (η, P) plane, where (a) Ωz = 35 rad·ns-1 (b) Ωz = -35 rad·ns-1. The white contour lines represent the microwave frequency fo. The other parameters are the same as those in Fig. 3(b).

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Microwave power spectra of the spin-VCSEL with single-loop feedback. The feedback strength kf = (a) 0.3 ns-1, (b) 0.7 ns-1, (c) 1.1 ns-1, and (d) 1.5 ns-1. The feedback delay time is fixed at τ = 5 ns. The intrinsic parameters are fixed at (γs, γp) = (35 ns-1, 30π ns-1).

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (a) Linewidth and (b) phase noise as a function of the feedback strength, where the delay time is fixed at τ = 5 ns, the intrinsic parameters are set at (γs, γp) = (35 ns-1, 30π ns-1) (black triangle), (35 ns-1, 44.5π ns-1) (blue rhombus), (35 ns-1, 98π ns-1) (red dots). (c) Linewidth and (d) phase noise as a function of the feedback delay time, where the feedback strength kf = 0.5 ns-1 (corresponding to the case of Δf = 31.77 GHz), 0.5 ns-1 (corresponding to the case of Δf = 45 GHz), and 0.1 ns-1 (corresponding to the case of Δf = 98 GHz).

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Microwave power spectra of the spin-VCSEL with dual-loop feedback. The feedback strength (kf1, kf2) = (a) (0.7 ns-1, 0), (b) (0, 0.7 ns-1), (c) (0.35 ns-1, 0.35 ns-1), and (d) (0.5 ns-1, 0.5 ns-1). The feedback delay time is fixed at (τ1, τ2) = (17 ns, 20 ns). The intrinsic parameters are fixed at (γs, γp) = (35 ns-1, 30π ns-1).

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Phase variance as a function of total feedback strength kf. For the case of dual-loop feedback, the feedback strengths are set as (kf1, kf2) = (kf/2, kf/2) and the feedback delay times are set as (τ1, τ2) = (17 ns, 20 ns).

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. (a) Phase variance as a function of the feedback strength ratio kf1/kf2, where the feedback delay time (τ1, τ2) = (17 ns, 20 ns). (b) Phase variance as a function of the feedback delay time ratio τ1/τ2, where the feedback delay time τ1 is fixed at 30 ns and τ2 is varied. The total feedback strengths are fixed at 0.2 ns-1, 0.4 ns-1, and 0.6 ns-1 as the label.

Download Full Size | PDF

Equations (7)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

d E x , y d t = κ ( 1 + i α ) ( N E x , y − E x , y ± i n z E y , x ) ∓ ( γ a + i γ p ) E x , y ∓ Ω z E y , x + k f 1 E x , y ( t − τ 1 ) e − i 2 π f 0 τ 1 + k f 2 E x , y ( t − τ 2 ) e − i 2 π f 0 τ 2 + F x , y ,
d N d t = − γ N ( 1 + | E x | 2 + | E y | 2 ) + γ η − i γ n z ( E y E x ∗ − E x E y ∗ ) ,
d n x d t = − γ s n x − γ n x ( | E x | 2 + | E y | 2 ) + Ω y n z − Ω z n y ,
d n y d t = − γ s n y − γ n y ( | E x | 2 + | E y | 2 ) + Ω z n x − Ω x n z ,
d n z d t = γ P η − γ s n z − γ n z ( | E x | 2 + | E y | 2 ) − i γ N ( E y E x ∗ − E x E y ∗ ) + Ω x n y − Ω y n x ,
F x = ( β S F γ ( ( N + n ) + G N N t / ( 2 k ) ) / 2 ξ 1 + β S F γ ( ( N − n ) + G N N t / ( 2 k ) ) / 2 ξ 1 )
F y = − i ( β S F γ ( ( N + n ) + G N N t / ( 2 k ) ) / 2 ξ 2 + β S F γ ( ( N − n ) + G N N t / ( 2 k ) ) / 2 ξ 2 )
Select as filters
Select Topics Cancel
Top
       
© Copyright 2024 | Optica Publishing Group. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial technologies or similar technologies.
Privacy | Terms of Use