Laser-diode-pumped Tm:SrF<sub>2</sub> single crystal for high efficiency CW laser operation at &#x223C;2 &#x00B5;m

Yangxiao Wang; Yangxiao Wang; Wenxin Liu; Zhonghan Zhang; Zhonghan Zhang; Adam Strzep; Adam Strzep; Jie Liu; Zhenqiang Chen; Fengkai Ma; Fengkai Ma; Liangbi Su; Liangbi Su; Liangbi Su

doi:10.1364/OL.449484

Optics Letters
Vol. 47,
Issue 5,
pp. 1117-1120
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.449484

Laser-diode-pumped Tm:SrF₂ single crystal for high efficiency CW laser operation at ∼2 µm

Yangxiao Wang, Wenxin Liu, Zhonghan Zhang, Adam Strzep, Jie Liu, Zhenqiang Chen, Fengkai Ma, and Liangbi Su

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Yangxiao Wang, Wenxin Liu, Zhonghan Zhang, Adam Strzep, Jie Liu, Zhenqiang Chen, Fengkai Ma, and Liangbi Su, "Laser-diode-pumped Tm:SrF₂ single crystal for high efficiency CW laser operation at ∼2 µm," Opt. Lett. 47, 1117-1120 (2022)

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Abstract

A Tm:SrF₂ single crystal is grown by a modified temperature gradient technique (TGT). A study of the fluorescence characteristics and laser performance is carried out. Under laser-diode (LD) end-pumping, a continuous-wave (CW) laser is demonstrated. A slope efficiency of up to 81.8% is first achieved in the Tm-doped single crystals, which is extremely close to the photon quantum efficiency of 2.00. Such a high photon quantum efficiency is caused by the effective cross-relaxation process between Tm³⁺ ions. A maximum output power of 4.082 W is also obtained. The laser performance indicates that Tm:SrF₂ is a promising candidate for highly efficient ∼2 µm lasers.

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Materials	T_OC/%	P_OUT/W	η_abs/η_inc/%	η _P-Q	Ref.
12 at.% Tm:BYF	5.0	0.63	∼37.6/32.0	0.93	[7]
3.5 at.% Tm:YAG	2.0	6.37	–/42.8	0.73	[8]
3 at.% Tm:YAP	15	14.7	–/43.8	–	[9]
4 at.% Tm:YAG	1.0	24.0	∼46.3/44.0	1.20	[10]
5.2 at.% Tm:SrF₂	0.3	0.24	50.0/25.5	1.28	[11]
4 at.% Tm:YAP	5.0	11.0	52.0/–	1.30	[12]
8 at.% Tm:LiGdF₄	0.5	0.21	53.0/28.0	1.35	[13]
2.5 at.% Tm:YLF	14	8.50	53.4/–	1.23	[14]
8 at.% Tm:GSAO	2.0	3.89	53.4/–	1.31	[15]
3.5 at.% Tm:LuYAG	5.0	3.70	54.6/32.8	1.39	[16]
12 at.% Tm:LLF	0.5	0.29	56.0/38.0	1.43	[17]
3 at.% Tm:CaF₂ SCF	2.0	2.23	64.4/27.2	1.60	[18]
3at.%Tm, 2at.%La:CaF₂	5.0	4.27	67.8/–	1.64	[19]
3 at.% Tm:CaF₂	5.0	2.71	70.3/–	1.68	[20]
2 at.% Tm:SrF₂	5.0	4.08	81.8/16.9	2.00	This work

Transition		λ/nm	A_ED/s⁻¹	A_MD/s⁻¹	β/%	τ/ms
³F₄→	³H₆	1689.0	54.1	0	100	18.5
³H₅→	³F₄	4000.6	1.0	0	0.8	7.7
	³H₆	1187.6	90.0	39.5	99.2
³H₄→	³H₅	2242.8	10.4	6.9	5.3	3.1
	³F₄	1437.1	36.3	0	11.1
	³H₆	776.5	274.2	0	83.6

Host Materials	σ_abs/10⁻²¹ cm²	σ_em/10⁻²¹ cm²	τ/ms	Ref.
YAG	8	1.6	9.42	[26]
LuAG	5.7	1.66	10.9	[27]
YAlO₃	10	5.0	4.8	[26,28]
YLF	σ − 3.6	σ − 2.35	15.6	[29]
	π − 8.0	π − 3.7
Lu₂O₃	3.8	8.5	2.8–3.8	[30]
Silica fiber	4.5	3.9	6.6	[31]
CaF₂	8.37	6.68	7.6	[19,20]
SrF₂	5.4	2.25	36.6	This work

T_OC/%	λ_out/nm	P_thr: absorbed/incident/mW	P_out/W	η_slope/%	η_P-Q
2	1963.3	156/497	3.824	79.9	1.98
5	1934.3	267/901	4.082	81.8	2.00
10	1987.7	417/1439	3.826	78.4	1.97

Materials	T_OC/%	P_OUT/W	η_abs/η_inc/%	η _P-Q	Ref.
12 at.% Tm:BYF	5.0	0.63	∼37.6/32.0	0.93	[7]
3.5 at.% Tm:YAG	2.0	6.37	–/42.8	0.73	[8]
3 at.% Tm:YAP	15	14.7	–/43.8	–	[9]
4 at.% Tm:YAG	1.0	24.0	∼46.3/44.0	1.20	[10]
5.2 at.% Tm:SrF₂	0.3	0.24	50.0/25.5	1.28	[11]
4 at.% Tm:YAP	5.0	11.0	52.0/–	1.30	[12]
8 at.% Tm:LiGdF₄	0.5	0.21	53.0/28.0	1.35	[13]
2.5 at.% Tm:YLF	14	8.50	53.4/–	1.23	[14]
8 at.% Tm:GSAO	2.0	3.89	53.4/–	1.31	[15]
3.5 at.% Tm:LuYAG	5.0	3.70	54.6/32.8	1.39	[16]
12 at.% Tm:LLF	0.5	0.29	56.0/38.0	1.43	[17]
3 at.% Tm:CaF₂ SCF	2.0	2.23	64.4/27.2	1.60	[18]
3at.%Tm, 2at.%La:CaF₂	5.0	4.27	67.8/–	1.64	[19]
3 at.% Tm:CaF₂	5.0	2.71	70.3/–	1.68	[20]
2 at.% Tm:SrF₂	5.0	4.08	81.8/16.9	2.00	This work

Abstract

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Optics Letters