Abstract
Polarization independent Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer has been proven to be a key element for synchronous regenerated transmission systems:1 amplitude and phase modulation can be monitored separately in a MZ, and this provides efficient timing jitter reduction, thus completing the retiming function of in-line 3R regen-erators. However, MZ devices reported in literature exhibited 16 dB insertion loss2 in directional coupler switch applications, or 13 dB in high bit-rate transmission systems.3 To be cost effective and in the view of an implementation in real systems, a MZ modulator should fulfill stringent system requirement including very low optical insertion loss (<10 dB), high extinction ratio (>6 dB), relatively low phase modulation (<20 deg over one timing period) and very low TE/TM polarization sensitivity (<1 dB).
© 2002 Optical Society of America
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