Clinical analysis of the Konan–Waggoner D15 color vision test using the Surface-Pro display

Ali Almustanyir; Reema Alduhayan; Mosaad Alhassan; Jeffery K. Hovis

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.477206

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 40,
Issue 3,
pp. A91-A98
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.477206

Clinical analysis of the Konan–Waggoner D15 color vision test using the Surface-Pro display

Ali Almustanyir, Reema Alduhayan, Mosaad Alhassan, and Jeffery K. Hovis

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Ali Almustanyir, Reema Alduhayan, Mosaad Alhassan, and Jeffery K. Hovis, "Clinical analysis of the Konan–Waggoner D15 color vision test using the Surface-Pro display," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 40, A91-A98 (2023)

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- Clinical Applications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 6, 2022
- Revised Manuscript: December 27, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: January 6, 2023
- Published: February 9, 2023
Virtual Issues
JOSA A Feature Issue: Color Vision 2023 (2023)

Abstract

This work expands on our previous comparison of the Konan–Waggoner D15 (KW-D15) and Farnsworth D15 (F-D15). Sixty subjects with normal color vision and 68 subjects with a red–green color vision defect participated in the study. The KW-D15 had good agreement with the F-D15 for both pass/fail and classification across all failure criteria. The agreement was slightly better if subjects had to pass on 2/3 trials compared with just the first trial. The KW-D15 is an adequate substitute for the F-D15, with the caveat that the KW-D15 might be slightly easier to pass than the F-D15 for deutans.

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		F-D15
		1st Trial								2 out of 3 Trials
		Any Major Crossing		$> 1$ Major Crossing		Any Error		Any Major Crossing or $> 2$ Transpositions		Any Major Crossing		$> 1$ Major Crossing		Any Error		Any Major Crossing or $> 2$ Transpositions
		Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail
KW-D15	Pass	22	6 (5 DA & 1 PA)	26	5 (4 DA & 1 PA)	17	6 (6 DA)	20	5 (5 DA)	23	3 (2 DA & 1PA)	27	3 (2 DA & 1 PA)	19	2 (2 DA)	23	2 (1 DA)

	Fail	3 (3 PA)	37	1 (1 PA)	36	5 (2 DA & 3 PA)	40	4 (1 DA & 3 PA)	39	3 (3 PA)	39	1 (1 PA)	37	5 (2 DA & 3 PA)	42	3 (3 PA)	40

	Pass/Fail		Classification
Failure Criterion	1st Trial	2 out 3 of Trials	1st Trial	2 out of 3 Trials
Any major crossing	0.75 (0.59–0.91) 0.92 (0.83–1.00)	0.83 (0.70–0.97)	0.86 (0.72–1.00) 0.67 (0.49–0.85)	0.93 (0.83–1.00)

$> 1$ major crossing	0.83 (0.69–0.96) 0.89 (0.78–1.00)	0.88 (0.78–1.00)	0.89 (0.76–1.00) 0.69 (0.51–0.86)	0.96 (0.89–1.00)

Any error	0.71 (0.54–0.88)	0.82 (0.68–0.95)	0.76 (0.59–0.93)	0.87 (0.74–1.00)

Any major crossing or $> 2$ adjacent transpositions	0.75 (0.60–0.91)	0.86 (0.74–0.98)	0.79 (0.63–0.95)	0.90 (0.78–1.00)

C-index $> 1.40$ or TES $> 15$	0.83 (0.69–0.96)	0.86 (0.73–0.98)	0.85 (0.70–1.00)	0.93 (0.83–1.00)

C-index $> 1.78$ or TES $> 18$	0.85 (0.73–0.98) 0.92 (0.82–1.00)	0.88 (0.77–0.99)	0.88 (0.76–1.00) 0.90 (0.79–1.00)	0.96 (0.89–1.00)

		F-D15
		1st Trial									2 out of 3 Trials
		Any Major Crossing (C-index $> 1.4$ )			$> 1$ Major Crossing (C-index $> 1.78$ )			Any Error (Any Major Crossing or $> 2$ Adjacent Transpositions)			Any Major Crossing (C-index $> 1.4$ )			$> 1$ Major Crossing (C-index $> 1.78$ )			Any Error (Any Major Crossing or $> 2$ Adjacent Transpositions)
		Protan	Deutan	Mixed	Protan	Deutan	Mixed	Protan	Deutan	Mixed	Protan	Deutan	Mixed	Protan	Deutan	Mixed	Protan	Deutan	Mixed
KW-D15	Protan	20 (18)	1 (1)	0 (0)	20 (18)	1 (1)	0 (0)	20 (20)	1 (1)	1 (0)	20 (19)	0 (0)	0 (0)	20 (19)	0 (0)	0 (0)	20 (20)	0 (0)	0 (0)

	Deutan	2 (2)	13 (13)	0 (0)	1 (2)	13 (13)	0 (0)	2 (2)	13 (13)	0 (0)	2 (1)	16 (16)	0 (0)	1 (1)	16 (15)	0 (0)	2 (2)	16 (16)	0 (0)

	Mixed	1 (0)	0 (1)	0 (1)	1 (0)	0 (0)	0 (1)	2 (2)	1 (1)	0 (0)	0 (1)	0 (0)	0 (1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (1)	1 (1)	1 (0)	1 (0)

		F-D15
		1st Trial								2 out of 3 Trials
		Any Major Crossing		$> 1$ Major Crossing		Any Error		Any Major Crossing or $> 2$ Transpositions		Any Major Crossing		$> 1$ Major Crossing		Any Error		Any Major Crossing or $> 2$ Transpositions
		Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Fail
KW-D15	Pass	22	6 (5 DA & 1 PA)	26	5 (4 DA & 1 PA)	17	6 (6 DA)	20	5 (5 DA)	23	3 (2 DA & 1PA)	27	3 (2 DA & 1 PA)	19	2 (2 DA)	23	2 (1 DA)

	Fail	3 (3 PA)	37	1 (1 PA)	36	5 (2 DA & 3 PA)	40	4 (1 DA & 3 PA)	39	3 (3 PA)	39	1 (1 PA)	37	5 (2 DA & 3 PA)	42	3 (3 PA)	40

	Pass/Fail		Classification
Failure Criterion	1st Trial	2 out 3 of Trials	1st Trial	2 out of 3 Trials
Any major crossing	0.75 (0.59–0.91) 0.92 (0.83–1.00)	0.83 (0.70–0.97)	0.86 (0.72–1.00) 0.67 (0.49–0.85)	0.93 (0.83–1.00)

$> 1$ major crossing	0.83 (0.69–0.96) 0.89 (0.78–1.00)	0.88 (0.78–1.00)	0.89 (0.76–1.00) 0.69 (0.51–0.86)	0.96 (0.89–1.00)

Any error	0.71 (0.54–0.88)	0.82 (0.68–0.95)	0.76 (0.59–0.93)	0.87 (0.74–1.00)

Any major crossing or $> 2$ adjacent transpositions	0.75 (0.60–0.91)	0.86 (0.74–0.98)	0.79 (0.63–0.95)	0.90 (0.78–1.00)

C-index $> 1.40$ or TES $> 15$	0.83 (0.69–0.96)	0.86 (0.73–0.98)	0.85 (0.70–1.00)	0.93 (0.83–1.00)

C-index $> 1.78$ or TES $> 18$	0.85 (0.73–0.98) 0.92 (0.82–1.00)	0.88 (0.77–0.99)	0.88 (0.76–1.00) 0.90 (0.79–1.00)	0.96 (0.89–1.00)

Abstract

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Journal of the Optical Society of America A