Unveiling and engineering of third-order optical nonlinearities in NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoflowers

Ankit Sharma; Pritam Khan; Pritam Khan; Dipendranath Mandal; Mansi Pathak; Chandra Sekhar Rout; K. V. Adarsh

doi:10.1364/OL.443826

Optics Letters
Vol. 46,
Issue 23,
pp. 5930-5933
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.443826

Unveiling and engineering of third-order optical nonlinearities in NiCo₂O₄ nanoflowers

Ankit Sharma, Pritam Khan, Dipendranath Mandal, Mansi Pathak, Chandra Sekhar Rout, and K. V. Adarsh

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Ankit Sharma, Pritam Khan, Dipendranath Mandal, Mansi Pathak, Chandra Sekhar Rout, and K. V. Adarsh, "Unveiling and engineering of third-order optical nonlinearities in NiCo₂O₄ nanoflowers," Opt. Lett. 46, 5930-5933 (2021)

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Abstract

In this Letter, we demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, ${{\rm NiCo}_2}{{\rm O}_4}$ (NCO) as a novel nonlinear optical material with straightforward potential applications in optical limiting. For the 532 nm nanosecond laser, excited state absorption (ESA) and free-carrier absorption give rise to large ESA coefficient (${\beta _{{\rm ESA}}}$) and positive nonlinear ${{n}_2}$. On the other hand, when excited with the 800 nm femtosecond laser, two-photon absorption (TPA) takes place, and bound carriers induce strong negative ${{n}_2}$. The values of $\beta$ and ${{ n}_2}$ obtained for NCO are found to be higher compared to other conventional transition metal oxides and, therefore, are promising for optics and other photonics applications.

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Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this Letter are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Sample	Pulse Duration	$β (c m / G W)$	$n_{2} ({c m}^{2} / G W)$	Refs.
${N i C o}_{2} O_{4}$	7 ns	54.9	$1.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	Present work
${Z n C o}_{2} O_{4}$	7 ns	27.4	–	[28]
$α - {N i M o O}_{4}$	7 ns	71	–	[29]
ZnO	5 ns	7.6	–	[30]
${F e}_{2} O_{3}$	15 ns	1.0	–	[31]
${C r}_{2} O_{3}$	4 ns	3.17	–	[32]

Sample	Intensity ( $G W / c m^{2}$ )	$I_{s} (G W / {c m}^{2}) \times 1 0^{2}$	$β_{T P A} (c m / G W) \times 1 0^{- 2}$	$n_{2} \times 10^{- 7} ({c m}^{2} / G W)$
NCO	47.3	–	–	$- 14.32 \pm 0.04$
	63	$4.0 \pm 1.0$	$3.0 \pm 0.6$	–
	78.9	$3.0 \pm 0.2$	$3.4 \pm 0.3$	$- 0.780 \pm 0.002$
	94.6	$2.7 \pm 0.1$	$3.3 \pm 0.1$	–
	110.4	$3.0 \pm 0.2$	$3.0 \pm 0.2$	$- 0.05 \pm 0.001$

Sample	Pulse Duration	$β \times 10^{- 2} (c m / G W)$	$n_{2} \times 10^{- 7} ({c m}^{2} / G W)$	Refs.
${N i C o}_{2} O_{4}$	120 fs	3.4	–14.32	Present work
CuO	60 fs	1.0	–	[35]
${F e}_{2} O_{3}$	100 fs	$8.2 \times 10^{- 2}$	–	[36]

Sample	Pulse Duration	$β (c m / G W)$	$n_{2} ({c m}^{2} / G W)$	Refs.
${N i C o}_{2} O_{4}$	7 ns	54.9	$1.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	Present work
${Z n C o}_{2} O_{4}$	7 ns	27.4	–	[28]
$α - {N i M o O}_{4}$	7 ns	71	–	[29]
ZnO	5 ns	7.6	–	[30]
${F e}_{2} O_{3}$	15 ns	1.0	–	[31]
${C r}_{2} O_{3}$	4 ns	3.17	–	[32]

Sample	Intensity ( $G W / c m^{2}$ )	$I_{s} (G W / {c m}^{2}) \times 1 0^{2}$	$β_{T P A} (c m / G W) \times 1 0^{- 2}$	$n_{2} \times 10^{- 7} ({c m}^{2} / G W)$
NCO	47.3	–	–	$- 14.32 \pm 0.04$
	63	$4.0 \pm 1.0$	$3.0 \pm 0.6$	–
	78.9	$3.0 \pm 0.2$	$3.4 \pm 0.3$	$- 0.780 \pm 0.002$
	94.6	$2.7 \pm 0.1$	$3.3 \pm 0.1$	–
	110.4	$3.0 \pm 0.2$	$3.0 \pm 0.2$	$- 0.05 \pm 0.001$

Abstract

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Equations (7)

Optics Letters