All-optical design for multiplexer and comparator utilizing hybrid plasmonic waveguides

Saif H. Abdulwahid; Ahmed Ghanim Wadday; Sinan M. Abdul Sattar

doi:10.1364/AO.474373

Applied Optics
Vol. 61,
Issue 29,
pp. 8864-8872
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.474373

All-optical design for multiplexer and comparator utilizing hybrid plasmonic waveguides

Saif H. Abdulwahid, Ahmed Ghanim Wadday, and Sinan M. Abdul Sattar

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Saif H. Abdulwahid, Ahmed Ghanim Wadday, and Sinan M. Abdul Sattar, "All-optical design for multiplexer and comparator utilizing hybrid plasmonic waveguides," Appl. Opt. 61, 8864-8872 (2022)

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Table of Contents Category
- Surface Optics and Plasmonics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: August 31, 2022
- Revised Manuscript: September 17, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: September 18, 2022
- Published: October 7, 2022

Abstract

Two optical combinational logic circuits, namely a ${2} \times {1}$ multiplexer and a comparator utilized by hybrid plasmonic waveguides, have been designed, analyzed, and simulated standing on the finite element method (FEM) with a COMSOL software package version 5.5. Transmission at the output port versus a wavelength range from 800 to 2000 nm, the contrast ratio, the modulation depth, and the insertion loss are the aspects used to estimate the circuits’ functionality. The realization of these circuits was based on the fundamentals of the constructive and destructive interferences among the input and the biasing ports. The multiplexer circuits require a single substructure with a measurement of ${400} \times {400}\;{\rm nm}$ and delivers the best transmission of 202.3% and 99.75% as a modulation depth, while the comparator performed by three substructures with a ${1300} \times {400}\;{\rm nm}$ overall size offers a 202.6% as the best transmission and 99.99% modulation depth in the Equality situation. The operating wavelength and the magnitude of the transmission threshold are 1310 nm and 0.3, respectively.

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Data availability

The datasets and curves generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Inputs			Port 1	Port 3	Port 2	T
A	B	Selector	Phase	Phase	Phase	(Port 4)	Output
0	0	0	OFF (0°)	OFF (0°)	OFF (0°)	0/0.3	0
0	1	0	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	OFF (0°)	0.047/0.3	0
1	0	0	ON (0°)	OFF (0°)	OFF (0°)	0.405/0.3	1
1	1	0	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	OFF (0°)	0.723/0.3	1
0	0	1	OFF (0°)	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	0.258/0.3	0
0	1	1	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	0.620/0.3	1
1	0	1	ON (0°)	OFF (0°)	ON (180°)	0.0049/0.3	0
1	1	1	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	2.023/0.3	1

Output Power ( $µ W$ ) for Output
$P_{M i n} \| O N$	$P_{M a x} \| O F F$	CR	MD	IL
0.405	0.258	1.96 dB	99.75%	−3.92 dB

Criteria	This Paper	Ref. [33]	Ref. [34]
Software program used	FEM-2D	FEM-2D	FDTD-2D
Proposed structure	Square-shaped hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWGs)	Nano-ring (IMI) plasmonic waveguides	Dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguides
Size	$400 n m \times 400 n m$	$350 n m \times 250 n m$	$5.7 µ m \times 2.105 µ m$ and more than $8 µ m \times 1 µ m$
Operating wavelength(s)	1310 nm	1550 nm	1550 nm
Dielectric material used	Teflon	YAG	Polymer
Noble metal used	Ag	Ag	Au
Semiconductor used	Aluminum oxynitride (ALON)	–	–
Model of description the relative permittivity of the silver	Johnson and Christy data [23]	Johnson and Christy data [23]	Not available
Model of description the relative permittivity of the ALON	Hartnett et al. data [24]	–	–
Contrast ratio of the multiplexer	1.96 dB	1.85 dB	–
Modulation depth	99.75%	98.85%	–
Insertion loss	−3.92 dB	–	–
Transmission threshold between ON/OFF states	30%	40%	Not available
Maximum transmission/efficiency	202.3%	186.54%	80%
Amplifying of transmission	Yes	Yes	No

Inputs		Input Port 1 Phase	Input Port 3 Phase	Control Port 2 Phase	T (Port 4)	$A = B$ Output
0	0	OFF (0°)	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	0.355/0.3	1
0	1	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	ON (180°)	0.082/0.3	0
1	0	ON (0°)	OFF (0°)	ON (180°)	0.00005/0.3	0
1	1	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	2.026/0.3	1
Inputs		Input Port 5 Phase	Input Port 6 Phase	Control Port 7 Phase	T (Port 8)	$A < B$ Output
0	0	OFF (0°)	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	0.052/0.3	0
0	1	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	ON (0°)	0.673/0.3	1
1	0	ON (180°)	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	0.145/0.3	0
1	1	ON (0°)	ON (180°)	ON (90°)	0.050/0.3	0
Inputs		Input Port 9 Phase	Input Port 10 Phase	Control Port 11 Phase	T (Port 12)	$A > B$ Output
0	0	OFF (0°)	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	0.052/0.3	0
0	1	OFF (0°)	ON (180°)	ON (0°)	0.140/0.3	0
1	0	ON (0°)	OFF (0°)	ON (0°)	0.684/0.3	1
1	1	ON (0°)	ON (180°)	ON (90°)	0.050/0.3	0

Output Power ( $µ W$ ) for $A = B$
$P_{Min} \| ON$	$P_{Max} \| OFF$	CR	MD	IL
0.355	0.082	6.36 dB	99.99%	−4.49 dB
Output Power ( $µ W$ ) for $A < B$
$P_{Min} \| ON$	$P_{Min} \| ON$	CR	IL	MD
0.673	0.145	6.67 dB	92.57%	−1.71 dB
Output Power ( $µ W$ ) for $A > B$
$P_{Min} \| ON$	$P_{Min} \| ON$	CR	MD	IL
0.684	0.140	6.89 dB	92.69%	−1.64 dB

Abstract

Data availability

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Figures (8)

Tables (6)

Equations (14)

Applied Optics