Abstract

As with your title, your abstract is an opportunity to present a brief yet informative synopsis of your research. Also, similarly to your title, readers, editors, and reviewers will use the abstract to determine whether they wish to proceed with reading or peer reviewing the article.  Indexers and online search engines will use your abstract to classify and rank your article in online search results.

Depending on journal style, you may be asked to submit a structured abstract with distinct, labeled sections (e.g., Introduction, Objectives, Methods, Conclusions) or a non-structured abstract. Some journals also accept a graphical abstract to attract attention to the paper. Regardless, your abstract should highlight the salient points from the major manuscript sections. It is good practice to begin by giving the context and purpose of your work before outlining the methodology and results.  You should conclude with a statement evaluating and indicating any implications of your result.